Not a state of emergency \u2013 an introduction<\/strong> Fifty years after the passage of the emergency laws, domestic military operations have once more appeared on the political agenda, and counter-terrorism is used to legitimize the arming of police forces with new weaponry. The shift in the relationship between police and the military initially became visible during deployments abroad. However, it does not adhere to the concept of a state of emergency \u2013 dreamt up as the combating of insurgencies \u2013 that shaped the development of the governmental apparatus of force in the Federal Republic of Germany.<\/p>\n Militarily armed: grenade launchers for the police The constant admonition of Germany \u2013 or even the entire EU \u2013 being in \u201cthe crosshairs of international terrorism\u201d linguistically creates a permanent state of emergency that is reflected in the police being equipped with military weaponry and protective gear during special operations as well as in their daily routines.<\/p>\n Domestic military operations Calls for domestic missions of the German army, while prominently expressed by security policy makers mainly of SPD and CDU\/CSU as recently as ten years ago, have notably subsided. And yet the topic remains virulent: Since then, the army has established extensive structures of civil-military cooperation. In 2012, the Federal Constitutional Court revised its decision on the Aviation Security Act. And the first joint manoeuvre by police and military since World War II was conducted in 2017.<\/p>\n Narratives of militarization at the European Police Congress In February 2018, the 21st<\/sup> European Police Congress was held in Berlin; a trade fair with convention character. The strongly represented arms manufacturers\u2019 advertising promoted military self-images within the police. The underlying logic of risk, according to which anything might happen at any given moment, even if it has \u201cnot yet\u201d occurred, enforces the acquisition of military equipment by the police.<\/p>\n Militarized police in France The French state traditionally has a gendarmerie at its command, a police organization with military status. In addition, riot police task forces developed within the gendarmerie as well as within the civil Police Nationale at an early stage. Furthermore, the development during the last two centuries exhibits a process of militarization of practical police work, especially in the banlieues, that also concerns the civil status police.<\/p>\n Italian state tradition: police with military status At present, of the 343,000 officers with the Italian national police forces, 57.8% belong to a corps with military status. The long tradition of such police organizations is shaping the country\u2019s security policy to this day. With the neoliberal turnaround and the presence of carabinieri in police operations at various theatres of war, the militarization is receiving a renewed boost.<\/p>\n Capitalist Combat Friends: The US Military and the US Police Historically, police and military in the US emerged from the slave patrol militias; an incarnation of colonial US „civil society“. The paper proceeds with an overview on how police and military developed (and partly merged in terms of duties) in the 19th and 20th century. Practically, military and police always worked hand in hand. Ideologically, the same aplies; therefore, we need to understand the militray and the police as our enemies in green and blue.<\/p>\n Data from the combat zone The EU is interlocking its domestic and external security structures. A \u201ccrime information cell\u201d is expected to enhance data transfer between armed forces on the one hand and Europol, Frontex and member state police officers on the other. Moreover, it is intended that Europol use data collected by the US military on \u201cforeign fighters\u201d in Syria and Iraq.<\/p>\n A new wave of police laws After the German parliament revised the Federal Criminal Police Office Act (BKAG) in 2017, the federal states are following suit. In several states, new laws have already been adopted, in others, drafts have been completed. At their core: Firstly, a new task statute concerning the pre-emptive abatement of \u201cimpending threats\u201d, devised to shift police action to extremely early preliminary stages. This then serves as the foundation for surveillance powers such as the use of Trojans on the one hand, and restrictions of movement and preventive custody on the other.<\/p>\n Independent police complaints bodies in Germany Civil liberties organisations and international human rights bodies call for the establishment of independent police complaints mechanisms in Germany for many years. However, visions on how such institutions should be formed differ significantly. Recent years have seen the launch of interior ministry complaints management units, external investigation departments, and of police commissioners appointed by state assemblies.<\/p>\n Saxony\u2019s auxiliary police forces With a volunteer-based \u201cSecurity Watch\u201d, a police watch, and local police departments, Saxony is attempting to compensate for the longstanding staff reductions within federal police forces. The auxiliary street wardens and the employed auxiliary police forces are provided with extensive powers. Report on a just-in-time production of security.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Thematic focus: militarization \u2013 policification Not a state of emergency \u2013 an introduction by Heiner<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121,149],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cilip-116","category-summaries"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp-dev.daten.cool\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp-dev.daten.cool\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp-dev.daten.cool\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp-dev.daten.cool\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp-dev.daten.cool\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14158"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wp-dev.daten.cool\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14158\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp-dev.daten.cool\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp-dev.daten.cool\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp-dev.daten.cool\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nby Heiner Busch<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>by Dirk Burczyk<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>by Frank Brendle<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>by Stephanie Schmidt und Philipp Knopp<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>by Fabien Jobard<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>by Salvatore Palidda<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>by Volker Eick<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>by Matthias Monroy<\/p>\nNon-thematic contributions<\/h4>\n
\n<\/strong>by Heiner Busch<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>by Eric T\u00f6pfer<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>by Florian Krahmer<\/p>\n